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Fluoride
Fluoride is a natural mineral. It makes enamel stronger and helps stop tooth decay. Fluoride toothpaste is a big reason why tooth decay has dropped.
This is general information, not a diagnosis. It does not replace a check by a dentist or doctor. If you are worried, contact a dental professional.
How it helps
- Repairs early damage to enamel.
- Makes enamel stronger against acid.
- Slows down the germs that cause decay.
How much toothpaste
- Under 3 years: a smear of toothpaste with at least 1,000 ppm fluoride.
- 3 years and older: a pea-sized amount with 1,350–1,500 ppm fluoride.
- Do not let children eat or lick toothpaste from the tube.
Other kinds
- Fluoride varnish – painted on by the dental team. Often offered to children.
- High-fluoride toothpaste – prescribed by a dentist for people at high risk.
- Fluoride mouthwash – use it at a different time from brushing, not instead of brushing.
Is it safe?
Too much fluoride while children's teeth are forming can cause faint white marks (fluorosis). This is usually mild and rare. Using the right amount of toothpaste lowers the risk.
When to see a dentist
- You get tooth decay often. Ask if a higher-fluoride toothpaste is right for you.
Related: Children's teeth · Prevention
Sources
Paraphrased in plain words. Links checked and accessed 21 Oct 2026.
- Oral Health Foundation. “Fluoride”. https://www.dentalhealth.org/fluoride (accessed 21 Oct 2026).
- NHS (UK). “How to keep your teeth clean”. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-teeth-and-gums/how-to-keep-your-teeth-clean/ (accessed 21 Oct 2026).
- NHS (UK). “Children's teeth”. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-teeth-and-gums/taking-care-of-childrens-teeth/ (accessed 21 Oct 2026).